Geschreven door: Nadine Achtereekte
Gepubliceerd op: 17 april 2023

Bij een badbevalling of watergeboorte vindt een gedeelte van de baring plaats in een bad gevuld met warm water. Dit kan zowel tijdens de ontsluitingsfase, persfase of het nageboortetijdperk zijn (Abedin, 2008). Met een watergeboorte doelen we op een baring waarbij de baby in bad geboren wordt. Bij een badbevalling vindt ten minste een gedeelte van de baring in het water plaats. Een badbevalling kan thuis en in de meeste ziekenhuizen in Nederland, in poliklinische en steeds vaker ook in een klinische setting. Een bevalling kan in een speciaal bevalbad plaatsvinden of in een normale badkuip.

Zijn de uitkomsten voor moeder en kind bij een badbevalling anders dan bij een bevalling zonder bad? Wat is het effect van een badbevalling op de mate van pijn tijdens de baring? Heeft een badbevalling ook nadelen? En is het terecht dat zorgverleners de badbevalling soms afraden? Op deze vragen (en meer) geeft dit artikel antwoord.

Afbeelding: Bianca van der Aalst fotografie©

Aasheim, V., Nilsen, A. B. V., Reinar, L. M., & Lukasse, M. (2017). Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2018(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd006672.pub3

Aughey, H., Jardine, J., Moitt, N., Fearon, K., Hawdon, J. M., Pasupathy, D., Gurol-Urganci, I., & Harris, T. M. (2020). Waterbirth: a national retrospective cohort study of factors associated with its use in 46,088 women in England. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-93490/v1

Abedin, S. (2008, 20 mei). Water Birth Information: Benefits and Risks of Water Birth. WebMD. Geraadpleegd op 5 augustus 2022, van https://www.webmd.com/baby/water-birth

American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. (2016, november). Immersion in Water During Labor and Delivery. ACOG. Geraadpleegd op 29 december 2022, van https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2016/11/immersion-in-water-during-labor-and-delivery

Anderson T. Umbilical cords and underwater birth. Practising Midwife 2000; 3(2):12. Geraadpleegd op 29 december 2022, van https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11040747/

Baxter, L. (2006). What a difference a pool makes: Making choice a reality. British Journal of Midwifery, 14(6), 368–372. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2006.14.6.21192

Beta J, Khan N, Khalil A, Fiolna M, Ramadan G, Akolekar R. Maternal and neonatal complications of fetal macrosomia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2019;54(3):308-18.

Bovbjerg, M. L., Cheyney, M., & Everson, C. (2016). Maternal and Newborn Outcomes Following Waterbirth: The Midwives Alliance of North America Statistics Project, 2004 to 2009 Cohort. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 61(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.12394

Burke, E. and Kilfoyle, A. (1995). A comparative study, waterbirth and bedbirth. Midwives;108(1284):3-7.

Burns, E., Feeley, C., Hall, P. J. & Vanderlaan, J. (2022). Systematic review and meta-analysis to examine intrapartum interventions, and maternal and neonatal outcomes following immersion in water during labour and waterbirth. BMJ Open, 12(7), e056517. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056517

Burns E, Hunter L, Rodd Z, MacLeod M, Smith L. Developing and evaluating an online learning tool to improve midwives' accuracy of visual estimation of blood loss during waterbirth: An experimental study. Midwifery. 2019 Jan;68:65-73. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2018.10.004. Epub 2018 Oct 17. PMID: 30368119.

Burns, E. (2001). “Waterbirth.” MIDIRS Midwifery Digest 11(3): S2.

Burns, E., and Greenish, K. (1993). Water birth. Pooling information. Nurs Times. 1993;89(8):47-49.

Chaichian, S., Akhlaghi, A., Rousta, F., et al. (2009). “Experience of water birth delivery in Iran.” Arch Iran Med 12(5): 468-471. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.588.4551&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Cedergren, M. (2004b). Maternal Morbid Obesity and the Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 103(2), 219–224. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000107291.46159.00

Chaichian S, Akhlaghi A, Rousta F, Safavi M. Experience of water birth delivery in Iran. Arch Iran Med. 2009 Sep;12(5):468-71. PMID: 19722768.

Cluett ER, Burns E. Immersion in water in labour and birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Apr 15;(2):CD000111. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000111.pub3. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 May 16;5:CD000111. PMID: 19370552; PMCID: PMC3982045.

Cluett, E. R., & Burns, E. (2009). Immersion in water in labour and birth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd000111.pub3

Cluett, E., Pickering, R., Getliffe, K. & James St George Saunders, N. (2004, 26 januari). Randomised controlled trial of labouring in water compared with standard of augmentation for management of dystocia in first stage of labour. Pubmed. Geraadpleegd op 29 december 2022, van https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14744822/

Colombo, C., Pei, P., & Jost, J. (2000). Waterbirth and the risk of HIV to Health Care Workers (HCW). Pflege, 13(3), 152–159. https://doi.org/10.1024/1012-5302.13.3.152

Cortes, E., Basra, R., & Kelleher, C. J. (2011). Waterbirth and pelvic floor injury: a retrospective study and postal survey using ICIQ modular long form questionnaires. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 155(1), 27–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.11.012

Dahlen, H. G., Dowling, H., Tracy, M., Schmied, V., & Tracy, S. (2013). Maternal and perinatal outcomes amongst low risk women giving birth in water compared to six birth positions on land. A descriptive cross sectional study in a birth centre over 12 years. Midwifery, 29(7), 759–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2012.07.002

Davies, R., Davis, D., Pearce, M., & Wong, N. (2015). The effect of waterbirth on neonatal mortality and morbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, 13(10), 180–231. https://doi.org/10.11124/jbisrir-2015-2105

De Petris, L., Rita Sabatini, M. & Ruffini, E. (2018). Rupture of umbilical cord at birth: an unusual case of acute neonatal haemorrhage. Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, 4(8). https://doi.org/10.15761/ccrr.1000433

Dekker, R. (2021, 20 oktober). Evidence on Waterbirth. Evidence Based Birth®. Geraadpleegd op 5 augustus 2022, van https://evidencebasedbirth.com/waterbirth/

Eberhard, J., Stein, S., & Geissbuehler, V. (2005). Experience of pain and analgesia with water and land births. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 26(2), 127–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443610400023080

Eriksson, M., Ladfors, L., Mattsson, L. A., & Fall, O. (1996). Warm tub bath during labor. A study of 1385 women with prelabor rupture of the membranes after 34 weeks of gestation. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 75(7), 642–644. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016349609054689

Federatie Medisch Specialisten. (2013, mei 31). Totaalruptuur - Richtlijn - Richtlijnendatabase. Richtlijnendatabase. Geraadpleegd op 13 februari 2023, van https://richtlijnendatabase.nl/richtlijn/totaalruptuur/counseling_voor_volgende_baring_na_ruptuur.html

Federatie Medisch Specialisten. Medicamenteuze pijnbehandelingen tijdens de bevalling. Multidisciplinaire richtlijn. Utrecht: Federatie Medisch Specialisten; 2008

Fehervary, P., Lauinger-Lorsch, E., Hof, H., Melchert, F., Bauer, L., & Zieger, W. (2003). Water birth: microbiological colonisation of the newborn, neonatal and maternal infection rate in comparison to conventional bed deliveries. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 270(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-002-0467-4

Garland, D. (2006). “Is waterbirth a ‘safe and realistic’ option for women following a previous caesarean section?” MIDIRS Midwifery Digest 16(2): 217-220.

Garland, D. and Jones, K.C. (2000). Waterbirth, supporting practice with clinical audit. MIDIRS Midwifery Digest;10:333-336.

Gayiti MR, Li XY, Zulifeiya AK, Huan Y, Zhao TN. Comparison of the effects of water and traditional delivery on birthing women and newborns. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015;19(9):1554-8. PMID: 26004591.

Geissbuehler, V., Stein, S., & Eberhard, J. (2004). Waterbirths compared with landbirths: an observational study of nine years. Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 32(4). https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm.2004.057

Geissbühler, V., & Eberhard, J. (2000). Waterbirths: A Comparative Study. Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 15(5), 291–300. https://doi.org/10.1159/000021024

Ghasemi, M., Tara, F., & Ashraf, H. (2013). Maternal-fetal and neonatal complications of waterbirth compared with conventional delivery. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil. https://ijogi.mums.ac.ir/article_1926.html

Henderson, J., Burns, E. E., Regalia, A. L., Casarico, G., Boulton, M. G., & Smith, L. A. (2014). Labouring women who used a birthing pool in obsteric units in Italy: prospective observational study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-17

Herbst, A., Wolner-Hanssen, P., & Ingemarsson, I. (1997). Maternal fever in term labour in relation to fetal tachycardia, cord artery acidaemia and neonatal infection. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 104(3), 363–366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11469.x

Johnson, P. (1996). Birth under water-to breathe or not to breathe. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 103(3), 202–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09706.x

Koninklijke Nederlandse Organisatie van Verloskundigen [KNOV]. (2020, maart). Factsheet vermoeden van macrosomie. KNOV. Geraadpleegd op 13 februari 2023, van https://www.knov.nl/kennis-en-scholing/vakkennis-en-wetenschap/vakkennis/macrosomie-positieve-discongruentie-lga

Menakaya, U., Albayati, S., Vella, E., Fenwick, J., & Angstetra, D. (2013). A retrospective comparison of water birth and conventional vaginal birth among women deemed to be low risk in a secondary level hospital in Australia. Women and Birth, 26(2), 114–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2012.10.002

Mistrangelo, E., Gaggero, C. R., Nadalini, C., Mancuso, S. G., Esposito, F., Morano, S., & Costantini, S. (2007). Does water delivery affect pelvic floor? Ultrasound evaluation of perineal function. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 276(2), 133–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-007-0322-8

Mollamahmutoglu, L., Moraloglu, O., Ozyer, S., Akin Su, F., Karayalcin, R., Hancerlioglu, N., Uzunlar, O., & Dilmen, U. (2012). The effects of immersion in water on labor, birth and newborn and comparison with epidural analgesia and conventional vaginal delivery. Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association, 2012(1), 45–49. https://doi.org/10.5152/jtgga.2012.03

Nederlands Huisartsen Genootschap. (2016, februari). Richtlijn infectiepreventie. NHG. Geraadpleegd op 13 februari 2023, van https://www.nhg.org/praktijkvoering/inrichting-instrumentarium/richtlijn-infectiepreventie/verloskundige-handelingen/

Nederlandse Vereniging voor Obstetrie en Gynaecologie. (2018, 12 februari). NVOG-richtlijn spontane vaginale baring. NVOG. Geraadpleegd op 29 december 2022, van https://www.nvog.nl/kwaliteitsdocumenten/richtlijnen/perinatologie/attachment/spontane-vaginale-baring-2-0-14-11-2013/

Nederlandse Vereniging voor Obstetrie en Gynaecologie. (2005, 20 mei). Vaginale kunstverlossing. NVOG. Geraadpleegd op 13 februari 2023, van https://www.nvog.nl/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Vaginale-kunstverlossing-vacuumextractie-forcipale-extractie-1.0-20-05-2005.pdf

Nikodem, C. (1999). The effects of water on birth: a randomised controlled trial. Rand Afrikaans University.

Nutter, E., Meyer, S., Shaw-Battista, J., & Marowitz, A. (2014). Waterbirth: An Integrative Analysis of Peer-Reviewed Literature. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 59(3), 286–319. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.12194

Otigbah, C. M., Dhanjal, M. K., Harmsworth, G., & Chard, T. (2000). A retrospective comparison of water births and conventional vaginal deliveries. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 91(1), 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-2115(99)00238-9

Petrova, A. (2001). Association of maternal fever during labor with neonatal and infant morbidity and mortality. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 98(1), 20–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0029-7844(01)01361-8

Richmond, H. (2003). “Women’s experience of waterbirth.” Pract Midwife 6(3): 26-31.

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists & Royal College of Midwifes. (2014, mei). IMMERSION IN WATER DURING LABOUR AND BIRTH. RCOG. Geraadpleegd op 29 december 2022, van http://activebirthpools.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/RCOG-waterbirth.pd

Rush, J., Burlock, S., Lambert, K., Loosley-Millman, M., Hutchison, B., & Enkin, M. (1996). The Effects of Whirlpool Baths in Labor: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Birth, 23(3), 136–143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-536x.1996.tb00474.x

Schafer, R. (2014). Umbilical Cord Avulsion in Waterbirth. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 59(1), 91–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.12157

Treant, & Vd Veen, I. (2021). Bevalbad - Obstetrie (versie 3). In Treant.nl. Treant. Geraadpleegd op 22 maart 2023, van https://www.treant.nl/professionals/verloskundig-samenwerkingsverband-she/$57899/$59290

Shaw-Battista, J. (2017). Systematic Review of Hydrotherapy Research. Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 31(4), 303–316. https://doi.org/10.1097/jpn.0000000000000260

Taylor, H., Kleine, I., Bewley, S., Loucaides, E., & Sutcliffe, A. (2016). Neonatal outcomes of waterbirth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 101(4), F357–F365. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-309600

Tita ATN, McGee PL, Reddy UM, Bloom SL, Varner MW, Ramin SM, Caritis SN, Peaceman AM, Sorokin Y, Sciscione A, Carpenter MW, Mercer BM, Thorp JM, Malone FD, Buhimschi C; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network. Fetal Tachycardia in the Setting of Maternal Intrapartum Fever and Perinatal Morbidity. Am J Perinatol. 2021 Dec 10:10.1055/a-1675-0901. doi: 10.1055/a-1675-0901. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34670321; PMCID: PMC9018887.

Thoeni, A., Zech, N., Moroder, L., & Ploner, F. (2005). Review of 1600 water births. Does water birth increase the risk of neonatal infection? The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 17(5), 357–361. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767050500140388

Torkamani, S. A., Kangani, F., and Janani, F. (2010). “The effects of delivery in water on duration of delivery and pain compared with normal delivery.” Pakistani Journal of Medical Science 26(3): 551-555

Torrisi, G., Giuseppe, E., Fonti, I., et al. (2010). “Water birth and perineal dysfunctions.” Neurourol Urodyn 29(S2): 89-91.

UMCG. (z.d.). Badbevalling bij klinische partus op L3VA. In UMCG protocollen. Geraadpleegd op 27 maart 2023, van https://protocollen.umcg.nl/#/documents/46e03d81-a6db-4638-9376-c1cfd050c704

Vanderlaan, J. (2017). Retrospective Cohort Study of Hydrotherapy in Labor. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 46(3), 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogn.2016.11.018

Vanderlaan, J., Hall, P. J., & Lewitt, M. (2018). Neonatal outcomes with water birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Midwifery, 59, 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.12.023

Verloskundig Samenwerkingsverband ‘s- Hertogenbosch e.o. (2019). Protocol badbevallingen. In Verlos Den Bosch. Geraadpleegd op 27 maart 2023, van https://verlosdenbosch.nl/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/VSV%20protocol%20badbevalling%20versie%203.0%20dec%202019.pdf

VSV Oost Achterhoek. (2022). Badbevalling in het SKB. In VSV Oost Achterhoek. Geraadpleegd op 27 maart 2023, van https://www.vsv-achterhoek.nl/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Badbevalling-2022-nieuw-logo-6-2022.pdf

Waldenström, U., & Nilsson, C. A. (1992). Warm Tub Bath After Spontaneous Rupture of the Membranes. Birth, 19(2), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-536x.1992.tb00381.x

Woodward, J., & Kelly, S. M. (2004). A pilot study for a randomised controlled trial of waterbirth versus land birth. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 111(6), 537–545. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00132.x

Zanetti-Daellenbach, R. A., Tschudin, S., Zhong, X. Y., Holzgreve, W., Lapaire, O., & Hösli, I. (2007a). Maternal and neonatal infections and obstetrical outcome in water birth. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 134(1), 37–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.09.012

Zanetti-Dällenbach, R., Holzgreve, W., & Hösli, I. (2007b). Neonatal group B streptococcus colonization in water births. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 98(1), 54–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2007.03.029

Zonnenberg, F., van de Brink, J., & van Eck, A. (2022). VSV protocol ‘Bad bevalling Gelre Ziekenhuizen. In Gelre Ziekenhuizen. Geraadpleegd op 27 maart 2023, van https://www.gelreziekenhuizen.nl/wcm/connect/www/f6fa0cde-e86a-4d44-a659-8496a4e7466f/Badprotocol+13-04-22.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=o11xSH2

Zorginstituut Nederland. (2022a, september 20). magnesiumsulfaat (mineraal). https://www.farmacotherapeutischkompas.nl/bladeren/preparaatteksten/m/magnesiumsulfaat__mineraal_

Zorginstituut Nederland. (2022b, 14 november). remifentanil. https://www.farmacotherapeutischkompas.nl/bladeren/preparaatteksten/r/remifentanil

Niet Ingeschreven

> Bevat

  • 7 Hoofdstukken

Reacties